Software Engineering Free Essays

string(42) innovation overhaul venture was underway. Programming ENGINEERING PROJECT †I INTRODUCTION: The objective of this paper is to examine around three significant programming ventures to be specific †¢ The London Ambulance System †¢ The Virtual Case File †¢ The Automatic Baggage System By breaking down these product ventures and the product designing standards followed, the key variables answerable for the product ventures disappointment can be comprehended. Every one of these ventures has bombed hopeless as they didn’t follow legitimate programming designing standards. In this research paper the accompanying activities have been read and purpose behind their disappointments are recognized. We will compose a custom paper test on Programming Engineering or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now At last there is an examination off all the three programming ventures considered. The procedure followed recorded as a hard copy this research project is perusing the accompanying reference materials accessible in the web and separating the key focuses for the disappointments of the product ventures. The papers referenced for composing the accompanying research project are 1. H. Goldstein. Who Killed the Virtual Case File? IEEE Spectrum, Sept. 2005, pp. 24â€35. 2. Explanation of Glenn A. Fine, Inspector General, US Dept. of Justice, 27 July 2005. 3. A. Finkelstein and J. Dowell. A Comedy of Errors: the London Ambulance Service Case Study. 4. Report of the Inquiry into the London Ambulance Service (February 1993), by A. Finkelstein, 5. Richard de Neufville. â€Å"The Baggage System at Denver: Prospects and Lessons,† Journal of Air 6. Barry Shore. â€Å"Systematic Biases and Culture in Project Failures,† Project Management Journal CONCLUSION: The end in the wake of contemplating these three papers, for any product extends the great standards of programming designing ought to be followed. The product improvement procedure ought to be appropriately arranged with reachable and reasonable cutoff times. All the three ventures had lack of common sense with unreasonable cutoff times. †¢ Great significance ought to be given to the necessities gathering stage and it ought not be changed during the center of the improvement †¢ Developers ought to build up the undertakings with appropriate coding principles so that there is no issue during the joining of various modules. †¢ Time basic undertakings ought to require basic and strong thinking just as great expectation of issues and perform chance administration. The calendar of the product ventures ought to have great bit of time in testing the product item created. †¢ Finally, beyond what many would consider possible keep the intricacy of the framework to reasonable levels and tried successfully. LONDON AMBULANCE SYSTEM In October 1992 the Computer Aided Despatch (CAD) framework created by Systems Options was sent for the London Ambulance System (LAS). The objective of the product framework was to mechanize the procedure of the emergency vehicle administration for the London Ambulance System (LAS) in the city of London, United Kingdom. The executed task was a significant disappointment because of assortment of elements. The Each segment of good best in class has been overlooked, every rule of the Software designing has disregarded by the administration and authorities’ dismissed fundamental administration standards. The working of the LAS can be summed up as: the framework gets demand by calls and sends emergency vehicle dependent on nature, accessibility of assets. The programmed vehicle finding framework (AVLS) and versatile information terminals (MDT) was utilized to perform programmed correspondence with ambulances. A portion of the significant purposes behind the disappointment of the London rescue vehicle framework can be expressed as: †¢ The cutoff time given for the fruition of the undertaking was a half year. The undertaking of such large size can't be finished inside a little cutoff time. †¢ The product was not completely evolved and inadequate. The individual modules were tried, however the product was not tried completely as a coordinated framework. †¢ The strength of the equipment under a full burden condition had not been tried before the arrangement of the product. The blaze slice over technique was utilized to execute the framework which was a high hazard and in addition it didn’t have any reinforcement frameworks to return on disappointment. †¢ Inappropriate and unjustified presumptions were made during the determination procedure of the task. A portion of the couple of presumptions that were made are : ? Complete exactness and unwavering quality of the eq uipment framework. ? Immaculate area and status data. ? Participation everything being equal and rescue vehicle team individuals. †¢ Lack of interview with the planned clients of the framework and topic specialists. The Software necessity detail was too much prescriptive, inadequate and not officially closed down. †¢ The London Ambulance framework thought little of the challenges engaged with the venture during the task launch stage. †¢ Inadequate staff preparing. The group individuals were not completely prepared on the activity of the new programming and their related knowledge was not utilized in the recently evolved programming. The Report of the Inquiry into the London Ambulance Service by Anthony Finkelstein likewise gives us more data about the disappointment of the framework. A portion of the are recorded beneath as follows: It expresses that â€Å"the CAD framework executed in 1992 was over aggressive and was created and actualized against an unthinkable tim etable†. †¢ moreover, the LAS Committee misunderstood the impression, that the product contractual worker had related knowledge in crisis frameworks; this was misdirecting in granting the agreement to frameworks alternatives. †¢ Project the board all through the turn of events and usage process was deficient and on occasion vague. A significant venture like this requires a full time, proficient, experience venture the board which was deficient. The PC framework didn't flop from a specialized perspective, the expansion in approaches October 26 and 27 1992 was because of unidentified copy calls and call backs from people in general in light of emergency vehicle delays. †¢ â€Å"On fourth November 1992 the framework failed. This was brought about by a minor programming blunder that made the framework crash†. VIRTUAL CASE FILE SYSTEM The essential objective of the Virtual case document (VCF) framework was to mechanize the procedure of FBI paper based workplac e, permit operators and knowledge investigators to share fundamental insightful data, and supplant the out of date Automated Case Support (ACS) framework. In ACS huge time is spend in handling desk work, faxing and Fedexing normalized update. Virtual case document (VCF) framework was planned for incorporating the IT activities and evacuates the excess present in different databases over the FBI framework. In September 2000 the FBI Information innovation overhaul venture was in progress. You read Programming Engineering in classification Article models It was partitioned into three sections. †¢ The Information Presentation Component †¢ The Transportation Network Component †¢ User Application Component The initial segment included dissemination of new Dell PCs, scanners, printers and servers. The subsequent part would give secure wide territory systems, permitting specialists to impart data to their bosses and one another. The third part is the virtual case record. The Virtual Case File framework venture was granted to a US government temporary worker, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). The FBI utilized expense in addition to †grant charge contracts. This undertaking was critical on the grounds that the FBI did not have the capacity to realize what it knew; there was no powerful instrument for catching or sharing its institutional information. This undertaking was at first driven by previous IBM Executive Bob E. Kicks the bucket. On 3th December 2003, SAIC conveyed the VCF to FBI, just to have it pronounced dead on appearance. The significant purposes behind the disappointment of the VCF framework can be summed up as: †¢ The task needed plainly characterized plans and legitimate cutoff times, there was no conventional venture plans plot for t he undertaking and poor correspondence between improvement groups that was partitioning into eight groups to accelerate the undertaking consummation. †¢ The product designing standard of reusing the current parts was overlooked. SAIC was building up an E †mail like framework despite the fact that FBI was at that point utilizing an off †the †rack programming bundle. The arrangement procedure followed in actualizing the framework was streak - cutover. It is a dangerous way a conveying a framework as the framework would be changed in a solitary shot. †¢ The undertaking disregarded the principal rule of programming arranging of keeping it basic. The prerequisite report was comprehensive to such an extent that somewhat of depicting the capacity what it ought to perform it likewise expressed how the capacities ought to be executed. †¢ Developers coded the module to make people highlights work yet were not worried about the coordination of the entire framework together. There was no coding principles followed and subsequently there was trouble in the joining procedure. †¢ The plan prerequisite were ineffectively planned and kept on continually changing through the improvement stage. The significant level reports including the framework engineering and framework prerequisites were neither finished nor steady. †¢ Lack of plan to direct equipment buys, organize arrangements, and programming improvement. †¢ Appointment of individual with no related knowledge in the executives to deal with a basic venture, for example, this was grave mix-up, arrangement of Depew as VCF venture administrator. Task needed straightforwardness in the work inside the SAIC and among SAIC and the FBI. †¢ Infrastructure including both the equipment and system was not set up to test completely the created virtual case record framework by SAIC which was basically required for streak cut off sending. †¢ The necessity and structure documentation were deficie nt, uncertain, prerequisite and plan tracin

William Wordsworth’s poem Upon Westminster Bridge is a sonnet

William Wordsworth's sonnet Upon Westminster Bridge is a piece, it makes a pleasurable section that is effectively perused and comprehended while as yet getting to a lot of feeling and picture structure. It gives various perusers, a wide range of translations of what the sonnet is about, the pictures and feelings felt, yet as yet keeping up the mystery of what Wordsworth himself would have had as a primary concern about the importance of the sonnet. Upon Westminster Bridge makes for the peruser that feeling of wonderment that was felt by William Wordsworth while looking at the perspective on London and this amazement can likewise be felt by the perusers themselves. This feeling of amazement can be seen from the earliest starting point of the entry, â€Å"Earth has nothing to show more fair:† simply the language utilized resembles a spell provide reason to feel ambiguous about the peruser radiating a feeling of smoothness and serenity. This inclination in the language is reflected in the air of the time in which the sonnet is set, early morning, similarly as the sun is beginning to appear over the skyline. Where the residents of London are still in bed, the bustling city still sleeping and unmoving. The impression of strict symbology can likewise be felt in this sonnet. â€Å"Dull would he be the spirit who could pass by†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the word â€Å"soul† in this line gives the peruser the impression of a respectful tone. Soul is a word that is utilized generally in a strict setting and having it in the sonnet lets off the sentiment of the harmony, and eminence. â€Å"Dear God! the very houses appear asleep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this can be taken as an accentuation on the respectful tone of the sonnet. â€Å"Dear God!† this reference to God fits in and affirms the â€Å"soul† and increases the strict air. The principal verse in this sonnet resembles an opening to the rest, a starter. â€Å"A sight so contacting in its majesty:† The utilization of sight, along these lines, its, superbness, is to put accentuations on the delicate sound of the â€Å"s†. This non-abrasiveness is connected to â€Å"touching†. This superb view is just delicately contacting him, the writer, with this to take in he hasn't yet consumed the full excellence. This can be viewed as one of the most significant and important lines in this section, it utilizes tranquility and peacefulness, making the mind-set, and connecting the setting to the writer's sentiments at that point. William Wordsworth utilizes comparisons in this sonnet to associate a dead thing like the city of London, to mankind, and the common world to make a solidarity of each of the three. â€Å"This City now doth like an article of clothing wear The magnificence of the morning†, people wear apparel, outfits to make us look increasingly wonderful. This line is stating that the city wears the morning like a wonderful outfit, and the morning is making the city look progressively amazing, giving it the association with people and making it wake up. The utilization of words with short syllables can cause the peruser to feel educated. It helps catch a gigantic measure of detail in almost no words. â€Å"†¦Ships, towers, vaults, theaters and sanctuaries lie open unto the fields, and to the sky†¦Ã¢â‚¬  taking a gander at this the peruser would begin moderate and read quicker and quicker as the rundown advances, this is the impact of short syllable words. This paints a psychological picture in the peruser's head as though viewing a film, a detailed scene with wonderful landscape, and the camera skillet across gradually at a steady rate catching each blossom, each tree, slope and a little honey bee flying over the screen. â€Å"†¦Open unto the fields, and to the sky.† â€Å"In his first magnificence valley, rock or hill† and among this counterfeit excellence of towers and boat the excellence of nature despite everything figures out how to appear on the other side and upgrade the entire picture. The last verse raps up the entire of the sonnet; it reproduces the state of mind of stunningness and furthermore places in a little stun. â€Å"Dear God! the very houses appear asleep†; this time the â€Å"Dear God!† is utilized in an alternate manner. It effectively heightens the strict inclination, yet additionally elevates the wonder and drives it into stun. It is utilized nearly in a disrespectful manner; utilizing God's name futile. William Wordsworth's energy about magnificence is uncovered not just in the pictures and likenesses he decided to utilize, yet in addition in the nimbly adjusted sentences. The rhyming of the final say regarding the first and last refrain strengthens the love Wordsworth felt for his entire life to the God he comprehended to be in all nature. Wordsworth's character and verse were profoundly impacted by his affection for nature, romanticizing what he found in the common world.

The Secret to Discussion Topics for Research Paper

<h1>The Secret to Discussion Topics for Research Paper </h1> <p>Quantitative information are typically numbers, model reviews and evaluation might be an extraordinary gracefully of such subtleties. While the central discoveries should be summed up in the conversation, the outcomes (like measurements and principle figures) ought to be indicated just in the outcomes area. Remember that composition of enactment and a criminal equity explore paper, you have to make sure to have adequate proof for those realities and the contentions that you make. The social issues explore papers may show up simple to write in correlation with various subjects, yet at the same time it requests a very imaginative system, a monstrous amount of interest and capacity to think past the container and search information in unusual sources. </p> <p>You may check with a clinician to have a few examples. At the point when you create an exploration paper on pressure you will require som e contextual analyses. For example, one of your diagrams may show a particular pattern, however not adequate to arrive at a satisfactory essentialness level. In certain occasions, understudies just devise the examination and after that envision the attainable outcomes that may happen. </p> <h2> The Benefits of Discussion Topics for Research Paper</h2> <p>The conversation area isn't generally about what you found, however what you didn't discover, and the manner in which you manage that. On the off chance that the point is excessively restricted, you may think that its hard to find the suitable writing. The vast majority of the occasions, it must be picked by the understudy before they graduate. The theme in itself isn't exactly as basic concerning how it's introduced. </p> <h2> The Hidden Truth About Discussion Topics for Research Paper </h2> <p>Pick the theme you'd prefer to investigate about in your work. Without a reasonable substan ce, not too bad research paper subjects won't bode well. Not all examination paper themes are made equivalent, and you might want to promise you pick a brilliant point before you start composing. Dubious research themes can be very helpful since they may start enthusiasm for related issues. </p> <p>Keep on perusing to find thoughts for a couple of the most well-known overall private company explore theme tips that you can utilize and make your own special, unmistakable and beneficial research paper. Choosing a theme itself requires some exploration to be mindful to the current information in that subject and to be cautious about the holes that you can load up with look into. </p> <p>Following that, you settle on the limited spotlight regarding the matter and think about the ideal method to move toward your examination to it. Risking upon a point for your investigation can be intense, however there are numerous incredible ways to deal with produce captivating thoughts. An extraordinary thought is to choose a subject related with your past experience in light of the fact that your perusers will be dazzled how very much educated you're. When you have an idea of what you might want to expound on, verify that your subject is neither expansive nor limited. </p > <p>For you to create a magnificent and fascinating private venture look into paper, your decision of theme must be in your field of intrigue. Guarantee your totally free meandering creative mind doesn't turn up with unessential or pointless subtleties. So you should downsize to ensure that you will have the option to play out an exploration inside a constrained timespan. In the event that you pick to arrange with us, you will have uncommon opportunity to get extraordinary unrivaled papers, theme proposals, and remarkable help support. </p> <h2> The 30-Second Trick for Discussion Topics for Research Paper</h2> <p>You need to uncover the perusers that you ace of this issue and not a confounded beginner who doesn't comprehend what the person examining. When the subtleties are connected, the journalists that are intrigued will present an application for the buy and give you proposals to the perfect research paper point. The subject you select should pu ll in the peruser's consideration, notwithstanding merit focuses for you to get a high evaluation for your composing abilities. As an approach to choose a fascinating subject, which will exhibit your absolute best abilities, you should keep reading.</p> <h2>The Honest to Goodness Truth on Discussion Topics for Research Paper </h2> <p>Attempting to create an exploration paper on a point that doesn't have a ton of research on it's inconceivably hard, so before you pick a theme, do a smidgen of fundamental looking and verify you will have all the information you should make your paper. Make utilizing the proposed inquire about paper point thoughts and you'll be prosperous. While choosing your exploration paper theme, you should make certain it is neither exhausting nor exhausted. A paper is consistently less difficult to compose in case you're keen regarding the matter, and you will be increasingly spurred to do top to bottom research and make a paper that truly covers the entire subject. </p> <p>Obesity is to a great extent as a result of poor dietary patterns with the goal that you can do an exploration paper on the nutritious eating decisions for kids. As your work advances, you will find yourself more into it, and you will be in a situation to appreciate it. Most hypotheses recommend that without a doubt, upset people do appalling activities on the off chance that they're requested to accomplish that. Choosing a fascinating point is significant for the accomplishment of your examination venture since it will send you the best possible way and help you to remain intrigued and inspired during the entire creative cycle. </p> <p>Locating a strong theme is only one of the most vital advances when composing any sort of paper. In case you're searching for help recorded as a hard copy your examination paper, you've gone to the best possible area. The paper must build the current assortment of information in the subject of research. Composing an examination paper of any kind can be an occupation. </p> <p>Before posting the absolute best sorrow look into themes, it is urgent to make reference to that by reaching a medicinal services expert it's conceivable to gather vital information and top proposals to actualize in your examination. In case you're mistaken for various intriguing subjects to examine on the web, it's much better to figure out what intrigues you the most. Data is bountiful online regarding any matter. The greater part of the information on sites is there to draw in guests to the site. </p>

Common App Essay Topics

<h1>Common App Essay Topics</h1><p>We as of now have numerous basic application exposition themes for the school year. Nonetheless, it is essential to remember that these are just normal topics and that there is no standard of all inclusive relevance. Normal subjects incorporate the physical sciences, business, world history, writing, and technology.</p><p></p><p>The physical sciences are a typical application article theme. This incorporates science, science, material science, geology, arithmetic, and cosmology. These subjects give chances to understudies to investigate their inclinations and find what they need to do with their lives later on. They additionally give chances to understudies to impart their thoughts through writing.</p><p></p><p>Business and the board are another normal application exposition subjects. This subject expects understudies to expound on the advantages and disadvantages of different busines s techniques, for example, the systems of assembling, retailing, diversifying, circulation, counseling, public exhibition shows, diversifying, and so on. They should comprehend the reasons why certain plans of action are better than others and how these will influence their current and future professions. Composing can furnish understudies with the chance to impart their thoughts in an unmistakable and compact manner.</p><p></p><p>Technology is additionally another normal application exposition points. This subject has both negative and positive angles to it. It very well may be gainful for understudies to get comfortable with the intricate details of PC equipment, programming, web access, and PC organizing just as the requirements of the various kinds of PCs that are available.</p><p></p><p>World history is one more of the basic application article points. This incorporates considering explicit chronicled timeframes, for example, the old human advancements, the frontier time frames, and the hours of colonization. They should find out about these timeframes and how they impacted the way of life of individuals of today.</p><p></p><p>Literature is additionally a subject that has numerous basic application article themes. They incorporate everything from verse to fiction to genuine stories. An understudy must figure out how to expound on their interests and interests. For instance, on the off chance that they love history, they should figure out how to expound on their preferred chronicled figures.</p><p></p><p>Speaking is additionally basic application exposition points. This incorporates tuning in, talking, and listening procedures. Understudies must figure out how to impart successfully through talking and tuning in. Learning these abilities is a significant piece of acing this skill.</p><p></p><p>A last basic application paper theme is innov ation. This incorporates the historical backdrop of PCs, the investigation of new innovation, and obviously new advances. This includes learning the aptitudes that are important to appropriately utilize the technology.</p>

Compare and Contrast Essay College Topics

<h1>Compare and Contrast Essay College Topics</h1><p>Students can utilize a correlation with assistance them look into exposition school subjects. The goal of the exposition is to make a solid point. A solid point incorporates setting up a reasonable and compact articulation that is upheld up by a very much bolstered argument.</p><p></p><p>Students must set up solid focuses. There are a few different ways to do this. They can utilize an article to introduce proof, or they can make a reasonable contention that bodes well to perusers. The objective is to show the peruser why you think what you say.</p><p></p><p>A correlation and difference exposition school point will start with an intensive conversation of one explicit subject. Understudies should have the option to clarify how that subject varies from one that they have recently introduced. At that point they should introduce explicit realities or insights that help th eir contention. Understudies must comprehend what they are talking about with the goal that they can state it clearly.</p><p></p><p>The paper could incorporate free research or composed sources that back up a point that has been made. The realities or sources must remain all alone. They don't need to be upheld by the principle contention. Understudies may utilize passages to give instances of realities or sources used to help their principle point.</p><p></p><p>Students may decide to utilize investigate papers as a major aspect of their examinations and differentiations school papers. In an autonomous research paper, understudies may concentrate on a subject that is identified with their primary contention. They may cover such subjects as the contrast among mutts and felines, the distinction between natural cultivating and customary cultivating, or the contrast among murdering and non-slaughtering creatures. Understudies may even utili ze a next to each other correlation between a customary ranch and a natural farm.</p><p></p><p>Students ought to likewise consider including an examination between two territories that are not straightforwardly identified with their school subjects. Understudies may decide to analyze apples and oranges, apples and strawberries, or whatever other things that are not straightforwardly identified with the current theme. An exposition on apples and oranges may cover such subjects as apples' jobs in cooking, their likeness to wine, and the contrasts between the two. Understudies may even analyze apples and strawberries and different organic products to grapes.</p><p></p><p>Students can likewise utilize an examination and complexity article school themes to depict an individual encounter. A case of this is portray an outing to the bazaar as depicted by a kid. The thought is to expound on a troublesome yet fascinating experience. The correlat ion is typically straightforward. Understudies may likewise find that they concur with what others state and can't help contradicting them.</p><p></p><p>Students may utilize these thoughts as motivation for their own expositions. Understudies may likewise need to utilize similar thoughts in their school papers. Understudies should keep on trying different things with various approaches to make a solid topic.</p>

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Human Flu Essay Samples and How It Can Affect You

<h1> Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Human Flu Essay Samples and How It Can Affect You </h1> <h2> The Basic Facts of Human Flu Essay Samples</h2> <p>Flu makes gentle extreme disease and now and again even outcomes in death. Anybody can get this season's cold virus be that as it may, you can shun getting it by taking influenza antibody. This season's flu virus is a commonplace infection around the globe. Occasional influenza causes significant ailment and in specific cases demise. </p> <p>The markers of this season's cold virus are certainly the most obvious pointers that we have the infection. Anti-infection agents are another significant medicine we'll require as they're used to deal with patients who create entanglements like bacterial contaminations. </p> <p>Thus it's difficult to decide for what strains of influenza infection antibody should be made which may end up with immunization deficiency for certain influenza season. Flu isn't precisely the same thing as the common virus. In spite of the fact that rarely the infection is moved to individuals looking like pig influenza, and when all is said in done people can create antibodies to stop the development of the flu, the cases of the zoonotic pig influenza have turned out to be extremely average in ongoing decades. Flu An infections can be improved into sub-types dependent on the qualities that include the surface proteins (Influenza (Flu)). </p> <p>Whether it's a contentious or informative exposition which you're composing, it is vital to build up an unmistakable theory proclamation and a completely clear solid thinking. Short articles, as its name suggests, should be compact and brief. </p> <p>Make sure to peruse your article and make certain it is intelligent. You may likewise observe individual article. You could likewise observe scholarly exposition. You could likewise observe systematic article. </p> <p>For example, the cost of an enticing paper will vary from a proposition exposition. All articles will have a specific subject that is it is possible that one you pick or one which is accommodated you. Accordingly, numerous understudies and workers choose to buy reasonable article as opposed to composing it themselves. </p> <p>On the other side, the nearness of man influenza was clarified utilizing different observational examinations and broad exploration. An expanding number of individuals are contaminated. All the more explicitly, the infection is spread by means of the trading of the human body liquids, and it moves from 1 individual that is tainted to an alternate person that doesn't have it. In any case, paying little mind to the straightforward reality that the infections don't taint individuals easily, they aren't transmitted starting with one human then onto the next. </p> <h2>Human Flu Essay Samples at a Glance </h2> <p>Its cost c an hamper the quality of the substance created. Rundown Hiring a reasonable paper administration might be a right choice for understudies one after another crunch. The cost for the most part changes relying upon the exposition type. Our rates are sensible, and it empowers you to have your paper reconsidered for nothing out of pocket. </p> <p>The cost of an exposition rides on the amount of exertion the essayist needs to apply. You can promptly find exposition composing administrations which may compose at you at modest costs. In this manner choosing a specialist for doing your papers could be the right determination. Geniuses of choosing a reasonable paper administration Availability Everywhere on the web, you can get one or other article support. </p> <h2> The Importance of Human Flu Essay Samples</h2> <p>Know however much as could reasonably be expected about your side, yet know similarly so a lot if not more on the subject of the rival side as well. An eminent occurrence of an inquiry a parent might be posed is the manner in which the parent figures her or his adolescent will add to the school. Now and again, after close to home contact someone who gets feathered creature influenza contaminates another person. In any case, the fast trial of the sort remain sketchy with respect to the l egitimacy of the result, which is the motivation behind why the patient should be analyzed in an unexpected way. </p>

The Truth About Change - Free Essay Example

Humans strive for stability, so when faced with change, stability’s greatest threat, people shy away. Nevertheless, in order to succeed in a world where technology and beliefs are constantly evolving, one must be willing to change themselves. Published in 1975, E.L. Doctorow’s historical novel Ragtime traverses the line between history and fantasy, investigating the lives of many diverse characters: some who embrace change and others who do not. Tateh, a Jewish immigrant working to support his daughter, exchanges his life of destitution for one of prosperity by contributing to the rapidly expanding film industry. Mother, an upper class housewife in an era lacking many women’s rights, learns to manage her family and their company, while her husband, Father, a white middle class firework manufacturer, is on an expedition in the Arctic. Father, unlike Mother and Tateh, refuses to acknowledge that his family no longer needs his support in the way they once did and consequently loses all sense of purpose. Through the development of characters Tateh and Mother, whose adaptation to their changing situations leads to their success, and Father, whose failure to adapt leads to his downfall, E.L. Doctorow exposes the truth that one must eithe r welcome change as it is presented or be abandoned by society. Tateh’s transformation from a street peddler working in the slums of New York to a wealthy movie producer transpires because of his willingness to adjust throughout life. Tateh moves to Massachusetts to escape his horrid existence, but when his fellow mill workers go on strike and violence prevails, he flees the town, unintentionally landing in Philadelphia. After learning that the strikers won, he declares, â€Å"The I.W.W. has won. But what has it won? A few more pennies in wages†(131). Dissatisfied with this victory, Tateh â€Å"decides to leave his belongings to the landlord in Massachusetts†(131) and stay where his life has led him. Although this means he must begin his life anew, he chooses to reshape his life rather than return to a place that while familiar, will restrict his growth. Along with rejecting the labor movement, Tateh abandons his radical, socialist beliefs. Despite society’s opposition towards these beliefs, Tateh had such confidence i n the ideology that he served as president of the Socialist Artists’ Alliance. The change is his political ideology serves to demonstrate the extent to which he will travel to succeed in American society (King). Tateh’s willingness to desert a cause he once championed demonstrates the importance of making significant changes not just to one’s life, but to ones identity as well. Rather than merely look for a means to survive, Tateh strives to benefit from each new situation he encounters. After arriving in Philadelphia, Tateh sells the picture book he designed for his daughter to a novelty company he stumbles upon, earning himself â€Å"a boarding house in a good neighborhood a meal and a hot bath,†(133) moments after arriving penniless in this new state. Tateh designed his picture books for the pleasure of his daughter, but his encounter with the novelty company changes his perception of how his art can earn him a living. The picture book far far better than the silhouettes he used to make; nevertheless, he does not stop at these books. As literary critic Michelle Tokarczyk remarks, â€Å"Tateh transforms his future by manipulating them† into motion pictures. Innovation runs rampid in the era the novel takes place in, so Tateh continues to change his product as the technology of the time evolves until he has made himself a huge fortune. When r eflecting on his success, Tateh reveals that â€Å"his new existence thrilled him†¦ He felt he deserved his happiness. He’d constructed it without help† (258). With each change Tateh faces, he assesses his situation so that he not only acclimates to the change but benefits from it, demonstrating that change, if viewed positively, can reward its adversary. Mother’s ability to adapt in the absence of her husband and assume a role soley recognized as that of a man’s during the early twentieth century grants her a happiness she had not realized she lacked. While Father explores the Arctic, Mother takes over as head of the firework company and succeeds with such ease that all of the business’s â€Å"mysterious potency was dissipated and she saw it for the dreary unimaginative thing it was†(250). Mother once depended on her husband, but her triumph causes her to realize that her marriage has prohibited her growth; in fact, when Mother encounters Sarah, a young black girl whose failed attempt to abandon her daughter lands her in trouble with the police, Mother makes the executive decision to take responsibility of the girl. She stands by her decision â€Å"despite the best advice of the doctor and the remonstrations of the police†(71). The doctor and the policeman are two key symbols of white male authority , so by disregarding their advice, Mother acknowledges that her wisdom matches, if not overpowers, theirs, a notion she never would have considered before her husband voyaged to the Arctic (Ferrà ¡ndez San Miguel). Mother’s evolution into a woman who recognizes her own self worth allows her to discern what she wants in her life, rather than living to please others. Presented with a change in the structure of power within her family after Father’s return, Mother continues to expand her role, taking her well-being into her own hands instead of returning to her part as the quiet, hopeful housewife. Whereas before Father’s voyage, Mother viewed sex as a distasteful, but necessary duty to her husband, after his return she â€Å"was in some way not as vigorously modest as shed been. She took his gaze. She came to bed with her hair unbraided† (111). Faced with Father’s absence, Mother realizes that she had been living in a state of subservience and decides to change her standing in her relationship (Ferrà ¡ndez San Miguel). By changing her outlook on sex, Mother claims her sexuality and starts on the path to discovering what she wants for herself in life, which includes no longer waiting for her family â€Å"to discover a life of genius†(249). Instead, she decides to take her future into her own hands, making change s that increase her happiness. A few years after Father returns, he dies. However, Mother quickly adapts to the circumstances, marrying Tateh, whom she truly â€Å"loved to be with†(319). Mother’s ability to evolve as her circumstances change allows her to achieve a new sense of self and a feeling of happiness. Although Father realizes that his absence caused his role within his family to change, he disregards this knowledge and continues acting as the man his family no longer needs, causing him to feel alienated. Once the respected leader of his family, Father returns an outsider, treated â€Å"like a convalescent†(111) by his wife and his now competent son, whom after his return, Father â€Å"felt childlike beside†(113). Father sees that his family no longer depends on him, but rather than feel proud, he fears that he has lost his place. When Mother takes the initiative to change the decor in the dining room, â€Å"Father, sensitive to every change, found his appetite diminished†(154). His susceptibility to change harms him in every avenue of his life and limits his development, resulting in his death shortly after being deserted by his family and friends. In order for people to reach their full potential, they must acknowledge changes they need to make within themselves. However, many people would rather remain ignorant than face the difficulties of changing their persona. With the technological advancements of the twenty first century it has become even easier for people to ignore their faults and need to change. Hiding behind a screen allows people to adopt whatever persona pleases them, but this resource should act as a model for who people could become if they changed, not an escape from who they are. Doctorow’s intent remains relevant despite the era; people must welcome change to remain satisfied with their role in life.